How To Sell Unlisted Shares

how to sell unlisted shares

While unlisted shares may be unfamiliar to certain investors, they are not to the market as a whole. On the other hand, an unlisted market is a trading platform for publicly traded businesses that prefer not to be recorded on a stock exchange.

As a form of remuneration, startups and other privately held businesses sometimes give their workers shares of stock owing to a lack of liquid assets. Employees with equity shares in a corporation are vested with rights as owners.

A corporation’s stock shares are purchased and sold simplified if traded on a stock exchange. This denotes a hasty entrance or departure from any teller window. Companies are not needed to stick to the standards and rules of the Securities and Exchange Board of India or SEBI regarding unlisted shares.

However, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs has official records of such corporations. If you don’t know the appropriate technique or process, breaking into these firms is difficult and much more difficult to leave. Hence, in this blog, we’ll discuss how to sell unlisted shares. But, let’s first understand the difference between teh two types of shares.

How To Sell IPO-bound Company Stocks

Companies of all shapes and sizes often engage in trading on the unlisted market before their first public offerings. Shares of these firms are liquid shortly after listing because investors will still own them. Pre-IPO shares, however, are subject to a required lock-in period.

A Pre-IPO private business stock exchange may seem like a venture capital market to the general public. Stocks held by companies or individuals may be traded here. Such shares have a huge potential audience; thus, many brokers operate in this sector.

How To Sell Non-IPO Company Stocks

Stocks of companies that aren’t planning an initial public offering (IPO) in the near future tend to be harder to move. Neither investors nor the general public knows much about these types of businesses. The open market float of equities is also quite low. This furthers the firm’s ability to remain under the radar.

Investors may learn about the firms’ financial health once a year when the companies announce their quarterly data and results. Such businesses are ideal for those with deep pockets and a long time horizon looking to get in on the ground floor of a rapidly expanding firm. We refer to this kind of strategy as a “growing investment.”

Investors who seek to avoid falling prey to internet scams or “phishy” operations leading to the transfer of shares and money not being delivered by the so-called dealers always need a reputable name for such duties.

Another difficulty for investors is making a fair agreement in the unlisted market, where some parties may attempt to take advantage of their need for cash.

The Selling Procedure

If you can locate a reputable dealer, like Unlisted Deal, selling your company’s unlisted shares is a breeze. Try contacting the organization or someone authorized to speak on its behalf. Evidence such as a DMAT account and a Client Master Report will be required before an investor may divulge any information about you (CMR).

The investor must send the unlisted shares they wish to sell, together with the corresponding amounts, to the DEMAT account of the purchasers or broker. Payment is made on the same day the dealer receives the unlisted shares in his DEMAT Account.

What Is A Client Master Report (CMR)?

To purchase unlisted and Pre IPO shares, a copy of the Client Master Report (CMR) is required. The CMR includes information such as the Depository Participant Identity (DP ID), Client ID, PAN number, Bank Account Details, and more.

Simply emailing the broker will get you this information, arriving within a couple of hours. The DIS Slip and PAN Card are needed to transfer shares into the account, and the Aadhar Card is required to verify identity.

How to Transfer Pre-IPO or Unlisted Shares

Shares held in a Demat account may be moved to another Demat account with a few clicks of the mouse. Using a Demat account for trading is similar to a checking account for financial operations. To clarify, a Demat account is similar to a bank account in every other way, except that it is used to move stock instead of cash.

Offline method

Off-market transfers of shares held at the NSDL or CDSL depositories may be processed via the offline approach. One must complete a DIS form (Delivery Instruction Slip).

The form requires the ISIN number of the shares being transferred, the name of the firm (security), and the DP ID of the account to which the shares will be transferred. The paperwork must be returned to the former broker’s office.

Online method

CDSL provides an online platform called EASIEST to transfer shares if they are held there. The registration process for this platform can be found at https://web.cdslindia.com/myeasi/Home/Login.

Important: CDSL Easiest only allows share transactions to verified Demat accounts. For this cause, it is suggested that the verified Demat account be added before commencing the share transfer via CDSL simplest.

Sell Unlisted Shares With Easy With Unlisted Deal

Selling unlisted shares surely comes with many advantages, however, many components of unlisted shares are different from listed shares. If you don’t get a proper understanding of each component, you may make a mistake and faces losses. Hence, you should consider contacting Unlisted Deal to get an expert opinion on unlisted shares.

What Is the Purpose of a Shareholder’s Valuation?

shares valuation

Before we invest in any firm, we need to be aware of the true value of its stock. Calculating the stock’s intrinsic value will allow us to do this. It’s called shareholder valuation when this value is calculated.

Extrinsic value is a term used to describe a value that is purely theoretical. To put it another way, its worth remains unaffected by the market price.

What is Valuation of Shares?

It is widely accepted that in circumstances where shares are traded on recognized Stock Exchanges, the Stock Exchange prices are used as the foundation for valuation. As a result of this, the stock market’s prices are mostly influenced by the supply and demand of the shares and the overall economic cycle.

Private institutional investors from all over the nation and globe may be recorded in a scientific recording apparatus connected to the stock exchange.

There are various factors at play in these decisions, such as fear, guessing, intelligence, excellent or terrible investment policies, and many more. A company’s assets and earnings potential are not taken into account in the quotes that appear.

Even though numerous tax laws have created precise provisions and set down the exact technique for the value of a share, it is still the most difficult accounting challenge.

To start a firm, you’ll need to raise a significant amount of money in the form of equity. An arbitrary number of “indivisible units” is used to break it down. ‘Shares’ are the term for these units.

Unless a difference between stock and shares is explicitly or implicitly stated or indicated in the Companies Act, Section 2 (46) states that a share is an interest in a company’s share capital. ‘Shareholder’ refers to the individual who owns the shares, while ‘Dividend’ refers to the return he receives on his investment.

Value may have both a subjective and an objective meaning. The term “value-in-use” refers to the subjective nature of a pen’s usefulness to a test taker. Worth-in-exchange refers to an item’s price as an objective measure of its market value.

The monetary worth of a share is referred to as the share’s value. To put it another way, it might be its book value (the amount that is recorded in the books of account), as well as its market value. To begin with, the company’s articles of incorporation specify the value of each share.

All firms’ balance sheets include this information as well. According to the balance sheet (or books of account and Articles of Association), a share’s ‘book-value’ may be defined as the value listed there. Depending on the circumstances, a stock’s market value may be higher or lower than its book value.

The Objective and Necessity of Valuation of Shares

Any corporation may feel the need for share value in the following situations:

  • When receiving shares as a gift, it is important to value the shares in order to calculate tax on the gift.
  • To calculate Wealth Tax, Estate Duty, etc.
  • Mergers, acquisitions, and internal rebuilding strategies.
  • For the buying and selling of shares in private firms and other unlisted companies.
  • For the purpose of converting one class of shares to another.
  • Providing loans against the collateral of shares.
  • Compensating the shareholders upon the government’s purchase of their shares under a nationalization process.
  • Acquisition of the dissident shareholder’s stake in accordance with the restructuring plan.
  • Regarding the value of shares owned by a trust or investment firm.

What are the Stock Valuation Methods?

The following are some common share valuation methods:

The Assets Method –

This method is based on the NAV and share value of the firm. The Net Asset Value (NAV) of the corporation is divided by the number of shares to determine the value of each share.

A company’s Net Asset Worth is the difference between the net value of all of its assets and liabilities.

The computed net asset value must be divided by the number of equity shares to establish the genuine value of the share.

  • The following are some key considerations to consider when valuing shares using this method:
  • All of the company’s assets, comprising current assets and current liabilities including trade payables and receivables, provisions, and so on, must be evaluated.
  • Fixed assets must be valued at their realizable worth.
  • The computation requires the valuation of goodwill as an intangible asset.
  • Preliminary costs, discounts on shares and debentures, cumulative losses, and other artificial assets should be erased.

The Income Method –

This method focuses on the anticipated rewards of the company investment, i.e., whatever the firm will create in the future.

The Value per Share technique is a common method within this approach.

In this case, the value per share is computed using the company’s earnings that is available for distribution to shareholders. Deducting reserves plus taxes from the net profit yields this profit.

To calculate the value per share, follow these steps:

  1. Determine the number of earnings allocated for dividend distribution;
  2. Determine the usual rate of return for the applicable industry; and
  3. The capitalized value is calculated as (profits for distribution*100/rate of return).
  4. Subtract this number from the number of shares.

How to Select the Most Appropriate Stock Valuation Method

Which strategy is best suited for valuing stocks? The solution is neither definite nor simple.

Each firm has its own set of characteristics, strengths, and value guidelines.

As a result, it is preferable to choose the approach based on the firm’s facts that are easily accessible to you for the purpose of valuation.

This asset method, for example, maybe applicable to manufacturers, distributors, and so on. Why?

This is due to the fact that these companies often utilize a large number of capital assets, the value of which may readily alter the intrinsic value of the shares.

Conclusion

The discipline of share valuation is critical to your expertise and success, whether you are a trader or perhaps a long-term investor.

Thus, traders may compare the equities of different firms using various techniques of share value. Long-term investors may assess and approach their future possibilities using a variety of approaches.

As a result, it is critical to stay current on the best techniques of share value based on your needs and objectives. For more information about trading in unlisted stocks, contact our experts at Unlisted Deal today!

What Is The Client Master Report Or CMR Copy?

client master report

Are you curious as to what a Client Master Report is or why it is necessary for you? By the conclusion of this post, you’ll understand why it’s one of the most critical papers a trader should possess.

What is a Client Master Report?

Client Master Report (CMR) is a document that includes all of the account holder’s information. It is the most preferred document for off-market transactions.

A Client Master Report provides critical information, such as the following:

– Personal information such as your name, address, as well as the date of birth 

– Demat account status and data 

– Linked bank account information 

– Nomination information

Importance of A Client Master Report 

After learning what CMR is, you might be wondering how it benefits you. We’ve listed some of the most important uses of a Client Master Report below: 

– Serves as a certificate for your Demat account 

– Allows you to connect your current Demat account to a new or additional trading account with some other broker 

– Consolidated information simplifies off-market transactions for you 

– Serves as legal evidence of the destination of your securities 

– Ascertains that no manual mistakes or misunderstandings occur

Essentially, unlisted brokers employ the Client Master Report or CMR Copy to validate two things.

  • To ascertain the source of money in a bank account.
  • To determine the Demat account to which the shares should be transferred

Key Information of Your CMR Copy

Every CMR copy has certain aspects and information. We’ve mentioned the most crucial data highlighted in a CMR below: 

DP ID

Depository Participant ID (DP ID) is a one-of-a-kind number issued by National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) or Central Depository Securities Limited (CDSL).

Client ID

Your broker will provide you with this unique identifying number.

Account Status

The status of your account reveals whether it is active or inactive.

Date of Account Opening

The date your Demat account was created.

Date of Account Closure

The day your account will be permanently deactivated. Only if your account is closed will this date be reported.

BO Status

BO Status informs us of the account holder’s current status. It informs us if you established an account as a corporation, trust, HUF, person, or other entity.

BO Sub Status

It indicates the account holder’s sub-status. If the account holder’s status is Individual, his sub-status might be Resident or NRI.

Type of Account

You may refer to the sort of account you have established here. Demat accounts are classified into three types:

  • Regular Demat Account:  It is utilised by Indian residents.
  • Repatriable Demat Account: This Demat account is utilised by NRIs and allows them to transfer cash overseas.
  • Non-Repatriable Demat Account: This NRI Demat account does not allow you to transfer funds outside of India.

Nationality

This indicates if the Demat account belongs to a resident or an NRI. If you are a non-resident Indian (NRI), the broker must adhere to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) requirements.

Cycle of Statements

The Statement Cycle is the time span between which you get periodic statements of DP transactions. For example, if you set the frequency of reporting to monthly, you will get the DP transactions statement once a month.

Freeze Status

An account freeze is a regulatory or legal step that stops any transaction from taking place in the account.

Personal Information

It includes all of your personal information, such as:

  • Name of the first holder, their PAN card, and their date of birth 
  • Names of other holders, their PAN cards, and their dates of birth 
  • Occupation
  • Mailing address
  • Permanent address 
  • Phone number 
  • Email address

BSDA Logo

If your account is designated as a Basic Service Demat Account (BSDA), the BSDA Flag status will be ‘Yes,’ otherwise it will be ‘No,’ according to Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL).

Bank Information

All of the bank data associated with your Demat account may be found here. Namely,

  • Bank name 
  • Type of bank account
  • Account number of the bank 
  • MICR code 
  • IFSC code 
  • ECS flag

Nominee Specifics

A nominee is a person who is eligible to receive an inheritance in the event of an untimely death. If you’ve designated a nominee for your account, you’ll see information like the nominee’s name and address. If the candidate is a minor, the guardian’s information will be shown instead.

Particulars of a Power of Attorney

You may appoint someone to act on your behalf with this legal document. Brokers are permitted to operate on your behalf since you have authorised them to work on your behalf to smooth out share movements. The Master ID, name, reference, and holder status of your broker will be mentioned in this document.

The Broker’s Contact Information

Copy customers may view the location data and the broker’s contact information on the client master report, or CMR. This is useful in the event that the customer needs assistance from the broker in resolving a problem.

How To Get A Client Master Report

To get a PDF copy of the Customer Master Report or CMR Copy, the client just has to send an email to the broker with whom he/she has created a Demat account. Certain brokers allow you to download the Client Master Report or CMR Copy straight from the mobile application.

Steps To Find Your Demat Account Number

Your DP ID and Client ID combination is your Demat account number. Furthermore, if you are a CDSL customer, the first eight numbers will be your DP ID and the next eight digits will be your Client ID. On the other hand, if you are enrolled with NSDL, the first two characters are the initials ‘IN,’ followed by six numbers of the DP ID, and the last eight digits are the Client ID.

Conclusion

So, now you know all there is to know regarding your Client Master Report. There’s no denying that the CMR is extremely important and can help you with your transactions. For more information about trading in unlisted stocks, contact our experts at Unlisted Deal today!

10 mistakes people make while investing in mutual funds

investing in mutual fund

Mutual Fund investment is the talk of the town. These days, many people who earlier used to invest in the traditional saving schemes like PPF and FD are showing more interest in investing in Mutual Fund.

Ideally, if you don’t have a good knowledge of analyzing the security market, instead of directly investing in stocks, buying through Mutual Funds is a lot safer and more convenient. For the middle-class Indians, Mutual Fund investing is a wonderful way of fulfilling their desired goals. You can even start investing with as low as Rs 500 per month.

Irrespective of these advantages, there are many people- especially novice investors, who make a plethora of mistakes investing in Mutual Funds. In this post, we are going to discuss ten of the most common mistakes while investing in mutual funds.

1. Not defining any goal

You should clearly define your financial goals before you jump into Mutual Funds. One requires specifying his/her short and long term goals before deciding over the investment portfolio. If you are planning to go for a tour abroad after a year from now, investing in a Debt Fund seems more appropriate. On the other if you wish to retire after 30 years from today, you should set up your SIPs in an Equity Fund to have a large corpus in h and during your retirement.

2. Not researching the fund properly before investing

Investing in the financial market makes no sense if you haven’t done proper research. Before investing in a Mutual Fund scheme, you need to know its fund type, exit load, historical returns, asset size, expense ratio, etc. You need to have a clear idea about your own risk-return profile before you invest your savings in some scheme. This can provide you with the necessary guidance regarding making the selection of the right Mutual Fund.

3. Reacting to short term market fluctuations

There are many investors who get scared when the market witnesses a bearish trend. You need to understand and that Mutual Fund investing is basically meant for generating long term wealth. So, you should not react to any sharp correction in the market or short term volatility. Moreover, you should refrain from blindly following the stock market analysts and business channels on television. If you don’t keep yourself away from the noise, your chances of making larger returns from Mutual Funds will decrease.

4. Not having a long-term mindset

People generally invest in the Equity Funds to make huge money. Equity Funds can only generate long term wealth if you stay invested for a substantially long period of time. Many people sell their funds losing their enthusiasm and patience after suffering from short term losses. This doesn’t make any sense if you are aiming for quick money from an Equity Fund scheme.

Can A Private Company Issue Securities?

can a private company issue securities

A business means an affiliation of individuals formed to accomplish a common objective and must be integrated under the law. The Companies Act, 2013, which is an Act of parliament of India, regulates companies in India. Under the Companies Act, 2013, different types of companies with different levels of responsibility for shareholders and employees can be integrated.

In this article, we will discuss if private companies can issue securities. However, let’s first understand the types of companies. 

Types of Company

A business may be largely listed as follows:

  • Private Business Limited
  • Company of one person
  • Limited Company
  • Section 8 Company

How Does A Private Company Work?

A private corporation is a company whose shares are not listed on financial markets (e.g. BSE Limited, National Stock Exchange of India Limited, etc.) as opposed to public companies. Instead, the securities generated by private entities are issued, offered, held and exchanged privately by interested individuals.

A private limited corporation is established with a minimum of 2 members and may have a maximum of 200 members.

What Is The Securities under Companies Act, 2013?

Section 2(81) of the Business Act, 2013 describes securities as specified in Section 2 of the Securities Contracts Control Act, 1956. (h). According to the description, securities involve shares, notes, scripts, stocks, debits, etc. of incorporated companies/other corporate bodies, derivatives, units provided by the Pooled Investment Scheme, units/instruments issued to investors under any mutual funds, sovereign bonds, such other instruments/rights/interests therein that might have been declared by the Government to be granted by the Government.

In particular, exchangeable financial products or financial instruments that may be acquired and exchanged are generally referred to as shares. Securities might mean entitlements/rights or it may mean either a place of possession or a position of debt or both. The main feature of shares is that they must be transferable. For instance, fixed deposits with banks that are non-transferable instruments are not considered safe. Exceptionally fewer instruments, such as policies on mutual funds, which, while not transferable, are deemed to be shares, despite the fact that most of the policies on mutual funds are exchangeable on the open market.

Securities can be given in electronic or book-entry form either by means of a “certificate,” or in a “non-certified” form.

Can Private Company Issue Securities?

It is apparent from the above that private firms can offer securities and have representatives and shareholders, but they cannot sell their shares on stock markets. The public initial offer would not question private sector shares (IPO). Private corporations’ securities are typically less liquid even though it is traded by a few closely-connected owners and not authorised market participation. Furthermore, the market price of private sector stock cannot be readily measured.

Modes of Issue of Securities by Private Company

Private firms may issue securities under the Companies Act (‘Act’) in the following ways:

  • [Section 42 of the Act] on Private Placement
  • Via private placing, a corporation can make any bid or invitation to purchase securities to selective individuals (other than via a public offer) by offering a service agreement for private placement. For the issue of shares by Private Placement, the requirements stated in Section 42 of the Act must be fulfilled.

Such a bid or offer to purchase securities via a Private Placement offer may be made up to a total of 200 persons in total during the fiscal year (the total of 200 individuals excluded employees of the company who are offered securities under employees stock option scheme and qualified institutional buyers). The above ceiling of the total number of persons is determined separately for different forms of security, i.e. capital, preference share, debit. A minimum contribution of Rs. 20,000 of the marginal value of the securities should be made by each person.

The value of securities sold in the Private Placement mode shall be decided on the basis of the valuation report of the licenced valuer.

The letter of the private placement proposal must be preceded by an online application, which must be counted sequentially, explicitly addressed to the person to whom the proposal is made, and must be submitted either digitally or in writing throughout 30 days from the date of the registration of the name of that person as provided for in the Act.

Shareholders must seek prior permission, by means of a special resolution, for the planned sale of securities or for an invitation to subscribe to securities. However, direct consent of the Owners by means of a special resolution must be sought once a year on any new deals or invites to subscribe to non-convertible bonds within the year. New offer or invite to subscribe to private placement shares could be made only when the contract in respect of the earlier offer or invite has been terminated/offer or the invite has been revoked by the firm.

The individual to whom the bid is made should make the purchase of securities directly from their bank account by contributing to those securities, the full record of which must be maintained by the firm.

The shares shall be distributed within 60 days of receipt of the money from the application. If, owing to oversubscription of shares/inadequate subscription or any other cause, the company is not in a position to distribute the securities within the time limit of 60 days, the application cash must be refunded to the claimant within 15 days after the expiry of 60 days. In the case of a failure on the part of the business to repay the money collected from the claimant within 15 days, the business is responsible for paying interest at the rate of 12 per cent on the sum of the application.

Issue of Sweat Equity Shares [Section 54 of the Act]

By means of a special resolution, a company shall issue sweat-equity shares to its executives or employees, comparable to the class of shares now also issued by the company. The special resolution adopted by the shareholders for the issuance and allocation of sweat-equity shares shall become effective for a total term of 12 months of the date of passing, only after expiry of which new approvals will have to be carried from the shareholders.

Sweat equity shares may be sold by the corporation only after the close of a term of at least one year from the date of beginning of the operation of the company. In under a year such sweat-equity stocks cannot be filed for an aggregate value of more than 15% of the current paid-up capital stock or for shares of the issue value of the five-crores ropes, whichever one is higher. However, at that point, the proportion of the sweat-equity stock in the paid-up capital of the corporation shall not go ahead of twenty-five per cent.

Sweat equity stocks are locked in/untransferable for a term of at least 3 years from the date of allocation. Shares should be priced at a price decided by the licenced valuer at the reasonable price.

Issuance of Bonus Shares [Section 63 of the Act]

Bonus shares can be distributed by the shareholders of the company to be entirely paid-up, in any way whatsoever, by the companies –

  • Free reserves (reserves generated by revaluing properties not to be considered);
  • Premium securities account; or
  • The reserve capital redemption account.

If the opinion of the Board of Directors approving Compensation Issue is made public, the judgment cannot be later revoked by the Board of Directors. “Regulation 14 of the Rules of the Companies (Share Capital and Duties) 2014”

Advantages of Issuing Shares

In addition to the primary goal of raising money, the company has many other advantages, such as recruiting new customers, buying/purchasing other companies, growing company sales, increasing employee interest, lower leverage & debt reduction, increasing liquidity, credit scores, etc.

Conclusion

In the end, a private corporation is a privately held company. Private firms will issue securities and have representatives and shareholders, however their shareholders may not be allowed to exchange their shares on a free market.

Private corporations act in the same manner as public entities, but private firms are limited to very few directly connected owners and do not have to adhere with the strict regulatory standards applied to public companies.

The increased costs of conducting an IPO, the rigid legal criteria, the intention to keep private equity, etc. are among the reasons that many smaller businesses remain private. If a limited private company needs to raise additional capital to expand, the next stage of funding mostly comes from venture capitalists who specialise and concentrate on making capital investment for high-risk, high-reward chances.

In addition, several major institutional investors do provide private businesses with funding alternatives through private placement in general. When a private corporation is able to expand rapidly, it may eventually choose to “go public,” which ensures that it releases shares with an IPO that are then publicly traded on stock exchanges.


To learn more about securities and unlisted shares, contact our experts at the Unlisted Deal.